Heres What I Know About Essay Topics for Upsc Mains

Here's What I Know About Essay Topics for Upsc Mains The Essay Topics for Upsc Mains Stories It's to be mentioned that the CSAT exam is a qualifying paper and the marks won't be added for the last ranking. The CSAT examination is easily cracked when you have prepared for banking exams. Prelims are a gateway to the most important exam. The candidates who score over the cut-off in the very first stage (Prelims) of the IAS exam is only going to be qualified for the Mains. It is worth it to read great magazines. It is a rather excellent book and gives number of topics that are important for mains 2018. A typical dictionary for reference needs to be kept handy while preparation. Look all what content you'll be able to recall. Even then you're unable to discover the informative and accurate details. It is imperative to return to the answers you may have prepared. Click the ORDER NOW button and complete the form. Start your UPSC exam preparation by going through the various sets of earlier years questions. This can only be reached through a dependable and quality support. It will get clear about what things to study and what not. You also have to take mock tests on a normal basis. If you do this, you are not going to get the wanted marks. This title will get someone who wishes to learn. Make sure you have plenty of time for revision. Give sufficient time for revision too. The majority of the essay topics are picked form the present affairs. It is all about putting into beautiful words, our thoughts and ideas. Essay writing strategies for upsc mains essay ought to be organized in well-structured paragraphs coherent with the stream of the essay. Spontaneous Essay Spontaneous essay doesn't involve brainstorming in the start. Great introduction and excellent conclusion are must. Joy is the easiest type of Gratitude 5. Empowerment alone can't help our women. Poverty anywhere is a danger to prosperity everywhere 4. Issues regarding poverty and hunger. Candidate must compose an essay on a particular topic. Candidates will have to compose an essay on a particular topic. They may be required to write essays on multiple topics. Remember it's a General Essay Paper and you shouldn't be highly technical. Justice must get to the poor 2. On-line price is a little high. Our site provides custom writing help and editing aid. By keeping our writing at the greatest possible level we've achieved a high rate of consumer retention. If you've got to use the very same word at various places, replace the typical word with a new word meaning the exact same. Fortunately our team is made up of professional writers which possess the capability to create remarkable content for you. Analyze your role and duties, together with an ideal plan of action. Consequently, value your time and take pleasure in the training. Fundamentally, an essay is intended to receive your academic opinion on a specific issue. But unfortunately assignments aren't confined to limited ideas you have to do lots of research that is a hectic undertaking. This is definitely the most important factor in regards to essays.

Chicago Value Company Case - 1129 Words

1. Explain the inputs into 1) the net initial investment outlay at year 0, the initial investment $200,000 which include taxes and delivery, and the cost to install the equipment $12,500. The total net cost $212,500. 2) The depreciation tax savings in each year of the projects economic life, this will show how much the tax savings will be depreciated each year using the MACRS method 3) the projects incremental cash flows? This shows the company profit for each of the eight years. Net Cost MACRS Tax Rate Depreciation Tax Savings $ 212,500 0.20 $ 42,500 40% $ 17,000 $ 212,500 0.32 $ 68,000 40% $ 27,200 $ 212,500 0.19 $ 40,375 40% $ 16,150 $ 212,500 0.12 $†¦show more content†¦5. What is the project s MIRR? The project is 13.24% What is the difference between the IRR and MIRR? The IRR is 16.20% Which is better? Why? The between the MIRR and IRR Ââ€" the IRR for the cash flows for each year are determine from the rate based on the present value. The MIRR the future value based on the initial investment determines the rate. The MIRR is better because have an expected rate of return. N I Present Value PMT Future Value 0 11 -36000 0 $ 36,000.00 1 11 -36000 0 $ 39,960.00 2 11 -41100 0 $ 50,639.31 3 11 -45350 0 $ 62,022.07 4 11 -46200 0 $ 70,134.85 5 11 -52150 0 $ 87,875.78 6 11 -63200 0 $118,210.20 7 11 -53000 0 $110,036.49 $574,878.70 6. Suppose a potential customer wants to know the projects for profitability index (PI). What is the value of the PIU of Lone Star, and what is the rationale behind this measure? Profitability Index = PI Present Value of Future Cash Flow over Initial Cost = 212500 + 36944 = 249,455 over Initial Cost 212,500 equal 1.173 for every $1 invested in the project, the total value created is 1.173. Therefore the Chicago Valve Company has a net profit of 1.173 Ââ€" 1=$0.173 per every dollar invested. 7. Under what conditions do NPV, IRR, MIRR and PI all leads to the same accept/reject decision? If the projects are independent accept both. When can conflicts occur? If a conflict arises,Show MoreRelatedTootsie Roll Qa831 Words   |  4 Pages How does Tootsie Roll Industries (TRI) communicate its values to suppliers and employees? TRI uses a top-down method, which in some cases can alienate lower leveled employees. TRI has implemented a few different programs to encourage accessibility, teamwork, and open communication. The company’s â€Å"open door policy,† allows for employees to observe and participate in the decision-making process throughout all departments. The company also established cross-functional teams, which increasesRead MoreEssay about PWC Corporate Social Responsibility 1469 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibility of multinational and national companies there days. Various books have been written detailing the right approach to the problem covering different perspectives. 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Negligence of Governing Factors †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Negligence of Governing Factors. Answer: Introduction There are five elements which results in the formation of a contract. The same are offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity of the parties and the consideration to support the contract and to make it enforceable[1]. When a valid contract is made amid the parties, then, the parties are obligated to fulfill the terms of the contract. If any of the parties to the contract does not comply with the contract terms, then, such action is regarded as the breach of the contract. Once a breach is incurred then the defaulting party must face the consequences that are established by the parties in the contract.[2] But, there are situations wherein the parties desire to limit or restrict their obligations which might occur because of the breach of their respective obligations. This can be done by availing the benefits of exemption/exclusion clauses. But, there are rules which are framed for the incorporation of an exclusion clause and to make it valid. Thus, it is important to first understand the very basic meaning of an exclusion clause. When the parties try to limit, exclude or transfer the liability of the party which is established under the contract, then, the same can be done by availing the benefits of exclusion clauses. Initially, the concept of exclusion clauses were not treated in a very friendly manner, rather, the approach of the courts was very hostile in nature and special rules were made regarding its validity. But, with the coming of the leading case of Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Australia Pty Ltd[3], the exclusion clause is now considered and treated in an ordinary context considering the contract as a whole.[4] Basically, when the parties try to exclude or limit the liability of one of the party to the contract with the approval of another party on the happening of some pre-decided or contingent event, then, such clause is called an exclusion clause[5]. Normally, the exclusion clause is interpreted against the party who is trying to avail its benefit and thus imposing the burden of proff on the relying party to establish its validity. While analyzing the validity of the clause the courts do consider few factors, such as, bargaining power of the parties, the element of unconscionability, etc,. For instance if an exclusion clause is found to be unjust then as per the Contracts Review Act 1980 (NSW), the court has the power to deny the enforcement of the clause which is made part of the contract.[6] However, it is now important to understand the factors which will make any exclusion clause valid in a contract. Incorporation of an exclusion clause in a contract is not the only tasks that make it valid; however, there are various factors that must be considered. Thus, the validity of an exemption clause in a contact is analyzed herein under. Validly of an exemption clause in contracts Many a times, the contracting parties incorporated an exclusion clause as part of the contract in order to limit or exclude the liabilities of the parties that may arise because of the contractual breach or negligence of the parties. However, such clauses are valid provide they are validly incorporated and interpreted. The same is discussed herein under[7]: The clause must be incorporated validly When the contracts are signed When any exclusion clause is made part of the contract then, the same is presumed to be made part of the contract provided it is incorporated by the parties through signature. It is a settled law and is held in L'Estrange v Graucob[8], that when booth the parties establishes a contract in written form and put their signatures on the same, then, they are bound by the terms of the contract irrespective of the facts whether the terms are read by the parties or not. If an exclusion clause is made part of the contract and is not read by the parties, still, it is binding upon the parties because the document is signed by them. But, if any misrepresentation is made by one of the party while incorporating the clause, then, the clause can be rendered to be ineffective and is held in Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co[9]. When the contract is not signed When any exclusion clause is made part of the document which is not signed by the parties, then, the clause attain validity provided the party who is relying on the clause must have given reasonable notice to the said effect to the affecting party. The basic essentials are: That the clause must not be made part of any receipt, but, must be incorporated in a document which has the contractual effect, that is, wherein a reasonable person can predict that the document might contain such terms which may be bound upon the parties and is held in Parker v SE Railway Co[10] and Chappleton v Barry UDC[11]. That the relying party must brought the clause in the knowledge of the affecting party before the formation of the contract or at the time of the formation of contract. If the term is incorporated after the contract formation, then, such clause has no validity and is held in Olley v Marlborough Court[12]. When one party is incorporating an exclusion clause in an unsigned contract, then, it is the duty of the relying party that he must make reasonable efforts to bring the clause within the notice of the other party and is held in Thompson v LMS Railway[13]. There is no requirement of any actual notice; the only requirement is give reasonable notice. Many a times, contracts are made amid the parties not in the form of any signed or unsigned documents, but, because of course of dealings, that is, when the parties are in business relations and is complying with the terms with a passage of time and is held in McCutcheon v MacBrayne[14]. There should be present of significant number of past transactions in order to make any action to fall within the preview of course of dealings and is held in Hollier v Rambler Motors[15]. The exclusion clause can also be considered to be binding upon the parties through trade or custom and is held in British Crane Hire v Ipswich Plant Hire[16]. The next element that is required to make any exclusion clause to be validly incorporated in the contract is that the clause must cover the breach. Now, when the courts are settled on the point that the exclusion is made part of the contract, then, the liability of any party can be excluded or can be limited provided that the exclusion clause must have covered the breach that is incurred amid the parties. If the contractual breach occurred but is not covered by the clause then no liability can be excluded. The breach is considered to be covered by the clause is when: The clause is not clear and does not able to define the breach, then, the clause is interpreted against the party who will benefit from the same and is held in Houghton v Trafalgar Insurance Co[17]. If any liability which may arise because of negligence is to be excluded, then it was held in White v John Warwick[18], that the wording of the clause must be very clear; If the exclusion clause is not in compliance with the main contract, then, the clause is considered to be invalid and does not cover the breach and is held in Evans Ltd v Andrea Merzario Ltd[19]. Thus, these are the fundamental factors then can only make any exclusion clause to be validly incorporated in the contract. If the above rules are not comply with then the exclusion clause as part of the contract is considered to be invalid in law. Now, it is important to understand the general factors which must be kept in mind which results in the validity of an exclusion clause. Factors that govern the validity of exclusion clause After understanding all the relevant rules which must be followed to make any exclusion clause valid and in compliance with the contract in which it is incorporated, there are few factors which govern the general validity of an exclusion clause. The same is submitted herein under:[20] Every exclusion clause which is made part of the contract, whether the contract is written or not, signed or unsigned, there is one basic rule which submits that such a clause must be made part of the clause after giving reasonable notice to the affecting party. The reasonable notice must be provided before the formation of the contract. If any notice is provided by the relying party to the affecting party after the formation of the contract, then it has no relevance ad is rightly held in Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd[21]. The second most important factor that results in making any exclusion clause valid is that such a clause must not be contrary to any law. If the clause is against the provisions of any statue then the clause is in itself is invalid. Also, every exclusion clause if intends to provide any safeguard against any act of negligence then the same is considered to be valid only when the clause clearly specifies the acts of negligence and that the parties intent to exclude the liability which arise because of negligence; Thus, these are some of the governing factors that must be kept in mind before the formation and incorporation of an exclusion clause in the contract. Now, it is important to analyze the effectiveness of the exclusion clause in the Australian Consumer law. Effectiveness of Exclusion clause in Australian Consumer Law The Australian Consumer Law is a law that is established in Australia in order to carry on fair trading and to provide protection to the consumers. On 1st January 2011, the Australian Consumer Law was commenced. The Australian Consumer Law is mainly enforced and administered by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (Schedule 2)).[22] There are various provisions that are incorporated in the Australian Consumer Law which deals with the validity of the exclusion clauses. The same are submitted herein below[23]: As per section 64A of the Australian Consumer Law, any implied warranties and conditions, and the remedies and the rights which are established under the Australian Consumer Law cannot be excluded at any cost. If any exclusion clause is incorporated which is violation of section 64A will be considered as void. If the term is incorporated by any company then such company can be held liable for prosecution; Every service which is provided to any consumer must be catering with all due care and skill. If any exclusion clause is incorporated which hampers in serving this service is prohibited under section 60 of Australian Consumer Law. Any such clause is considered to be invalid and void; When any goods are supplied to the consumers and such goods are not in compliance with the implied conditions that are mentioned under the Australian Consumer Law, then, the consumer has the right to return the goods and seek refund from the supplier under section 261 of the Australian Consumer Law. Conclusion It is thus concluded that exclusion clause is a very important clause that is normally relied upon by the parties in order to exclude or limit their liabilities. But, any exclusion clause is considered to be valid only when the same is incorporated in the contract with notice, is not illegal and must cover the acts which it intends to exclude. Reference List Coorey, A,Australian Consumer Law 2015, LexisNexis Butterworths. Gillies, P, Business Law 2004, Federation Press. Gibson, A Fraser, D Business Law 2014 2013, Pearson Higher Education AU. McKendrick, E Liu, Q, Contract Law: Australian Edition 2015, Palgrave Macmillan. Latimer, P. Australian Business Law 2012 2012, CCH Australia Limited. British Crane Hire v Ipswich Plant Hire [1974] QB 303. Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805. Chappleton v Barry UDC [1940]. Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Australia Pty Ltd(1986) 161 CLR 500. Evans Ltd v Andrea Merzario Ltd [1976] 1 WLR 1078. Hollier v Rambler Motors [1972] 2 AB 71. Houghton v Trafalgar Insurance Co (1954). L'Estrange v Graucob [1934] 2 KB 394. McCutcheon v MacBrayne [1964] 1 WLR 125. Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] 1 KB 532. Parker v SE Railway Co (1877) 2 CPD 416. Thompson v LMS Railway [1930] 1 KB 41. Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971). White v John Warwick [1953] 1 WLR 1285. Dangeloloegal, Validity of exclusion clause in contract law 2017 https://www.dangelolegal.com.au/news/validity-exclusion-clauses-contract-law/. (accessed on 3rd MAy 2017). The law Teacher, Exclusion and limiting clause 2017 https://www.lawteacher.net/lecture-notes/contract-law/exclusion-clauses-lecture.php (accessed on 3rd May 2017). The law hand book, Australian consumer law 2017 https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s02s06s01.php (accessed on 3rd May 2017)

WORKSHEET Essays - Aquatic Ecology, Littorinidae, Oceanography

WORKSHEET: Research question and investigation plan Weight: 5% of your final Biology 140 grade Word count: N/A Due date: end of Lab 5; i.e.: _______________ (by email to your Lab Instructor) Lab section: A2Research animal: Littorina spp. Names of group members Respective contri butions to this worksheet (see step 12) Patrick Inputting answers on worksheet, "how does the factor vary in the animal's natural habitat" Lucia Question 2a Kimberly Question 2b Kyle " Description o f the natural habitat of animal" In your group, brainstorm and select a behavioural response that you would like to investigate in Labs 7 and 8. Your group should ensure that the selected response is: relevant for the animal in its natural environment; measurable in the Biology 140 lab. After considering the criteria above, write down the behavioural response that your group wants to investigate: Movement and speed a. Have two group members work together to find one primary or secondary literature source that reports an investigation of the same response/behaviour as you will investigate, either for your research animal or for a closely related species. What did the researchers find? Record the full reference using Harvard style format: The researchers found that the topographic complexity of the substratum does indeed influence the movements of the intertidal sea snail (Littorina spp). The snails moved further on a less complex surface (Underwood Chapman 1989). b. Meanwhile, the other two group members should work together to find reliable information about the importance of the behavioural response for the survival of your animal (or a closely related species). Based on the information that you found, how is the response/behaviour that you will investigate important to your animal's survival? Record Harvard-style in-text citations and a reference list. Movement is significant to Littorina spp. to ensure a higher chance of survival. Evidence is shown within academic articles such as Janet Koprivnikar's Effects of temperature, salinity, and water level on emergence of marine cercariae, and Christopher D.G. Harley's The introduction of LIttorina littorea to British Columbia, Canada. Koprivnikar states that when temperatures fluctuate, in our case increases, marine cercariae react by moving, or hiding within their shells. The snails tended to hide when temperatures increased, and while proven to not be as fast as other marine snails is why these snails tend to hide rather than run (Christopher Harley 2013). In both Koprivnikar and Harley's articles, salinity is an important factor that affects the snails. The Littorina spp. seem more lively, and active when salinity levels are elevated. The Littorina spp. has a range of tolerance for salinity, from the low salinity level here in Vancouver, and the higher salinity levels. Although, they tolerate the low salinity levels, the snails prefer much higher salinity levels Evaluate how well your selected behavioural response fits the criteria listed in step 1. Use the information found in the literature (step 2), as well as your experience working with your research animal in Lab 4, to decide whether the behavioural response is appropriate. If it is not, you will have to choose a different response and repeat the steps 2a and 2b. The response is valid and fits the criteria listed in question 1. How will you measure this behaviour/response in the lab? What units will you use to measure this response/behaviour? Using a plexiglass cover on top of each container and trace the snails movement from an overhead view with a dry erase marker, then measure the total distance travelled using a string and tape measurer and calculate the average velocity. Standard SI units for distance and time. (meters and seconds). Write the behavioural response that you will be studying in the center of the 3x3 grid below: Light Rugosity Type of substratum Biotic presence of other animals Response: Movement and speed Salinity Temperature Exposure ph As a group, brainstorm eight factors that might affect your animal's response in its natural environment. Each group member should contribute one or two factors. At this stage, feel free to be creative and consider anything reasonable that comes to mind. Then, write the eight factors in the eight outside squares of the 3x3 grid above. In order to conduct your laboratory investigation, you will need to manipulate (vary) the factor in a controlled manner. Consider each of the factors that you wrote in the 3x3